PSA: As titled, I've now spent a total of 8 hours across a dozen different calls over the last 2 weeks with Verizon top-level support and engineering, which included full SIM replacement, reset, unregistration, re-registration, full Teltonika factory reset, multiple firmware revisions, multiple slot configurations, 11 different APNs, selecting multiple bands, restricting to IPv4 only, IPv4+IPv6, and everything else we could think of.
TL;DR: Verizon said to return the SIM cards to their store/offices, and they concluded that while the IMEI claims to be compatible with their network, their network/equipment is not compatible with Teltonika routers. At all.
We got as far as getting ping working, but that required direct, supervisor intervention to go into their systems and override a hard-coded "placeholder" Device ID that gets provisioned when you request a data-only SIM card. Nobody in the stores would have access or authorization to do this. You have to escalate to Tier 2, and then get a supervisor from there, to make this change.
Unblocking SMS access is also required, as data-only SIMs are locked to prevent SMS messages from being sent or received. This change too, requires a supervisor override.
Even with all of that, the Verizon SIM card (installed as the only SIM in the device for these tests), takes 10-15 minutes to negotiate with the network and come online, but then... nothing. No SMS, nothing more than ping works, no other traffic seems to be permitted across the network, and a VERY large number of hosts do not return pings (hosts which ping just fine from a laptop on a separate network).
The engineer I just spoke with about 20 minutes ago, said he couldn't even see the 20-30 tests SMS messages I was sending from my AT&T phone to the Verizon SIM in the RUTX11 device itself. So they're not even getting onto the network, to be delivered to the router at all. The whole thing is incompatible with their network.
So if you're struggling to get a Verizon SIM card to work with a Teltonika router in North America, STOP!
It won't work. Send the SIM card back to the store and seek out another data provider. I have personally verified that T-Mobile SIM cards work fine in every way within 5 minutes of being installed, including ping, browsing, SMS and every other feature. I haven't yet tested other providers, but I will today, as I need to find a replacement for the lack of Verizon support for this device.