Hi, as it turned out, cron really works with whole minutes at least. I can offer a not very elegant, but I think an effective way.
Create 6 scripts and run them every minute via cron, but with a difference of 10 seconds. Naturally, first remove the loop from the script itself.
I did like this:
* * * * * /root/script.sh
* * * * * sleep 10; /root/script2.sh
* * * * * sleep 20; /root/script3.sh
scripts start at the same time, but execution takes place at different times.
Best regards.